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Copper Chemistry
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A. Chemical characteristics
B. Physiological valences
C. Isotopes
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II. Food Sources
III. Safe and Adequate Dietary Dietary Intake
A. National Research Council
B. Usual Dietary Intake
C. Discrepancies
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IV. Absorption
V. Transport and Delivery to Tissues
VI. Elimination
VII. Biochemical and Physiological Function
A. Energy Metabolism
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1. Cytochrome C. Oxidase
B. Antioxidant Functions
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1. Cu-Zn Superoxide Dismutase (SOD)
2. Metallothioneins
3. Ceruloplasmin
C. Other Copper Containing Proteins
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1. Sysyl Oxidase
2. Tyrosinase
3. Factor V and VII
4. Cartilage Matrix Glycoprotein
5. Dopamine-beta-monooxygenase
VIII. Genetic Disorders of Copper Metabolism
A. Wilson disease
B. Menkes' syndrome
IX. Acquired Copper Deficiency
X. Copper: An antioxidant Nutrient?
XI. Prospects for a Recommended Dietary Allowance
- http://www.chiff.com/vitamins/copper.htm
- Chiff.com has information on the role of copper and its impact on health. Also includes information on sources.
- http://healthyeatingclub.com/info/books-phds/books/foodfacts/html/data/data5i.html
- Elements: 33: Copper has information on food intake, use and food charts.
- http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/183456-overview
- emedicine has information on Wilson's disease including overview, differential diagnoses, treatment and other information.
- http://www.healthvitaminsguide.com/minerals/copper.htm
- HealthVitaminsGuide.com has information on copper, including roles and sources.
- http://www.hoptechno.com/book29m.htm
- Hopkins Technology has Hopkins Technology. This site has information on copper and its role in health. Also contains content.
- http://www.indiadiets.com/foods/food_nutrients/Minerals/Copper.htm
- Indiadiet Foods has health information and the sources of copper.
- http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/wilsons-disease/DS00411
- Mayo Clinic has a description and information on Wilson's disease.
- http://digestive.niddk.nih.gov/ddiseases/pubs/wilson/
- National Digestive diseases Information Clearinghouse has information on Wilson disease which is high copper content.
- http://www.whfoods.com/genpage.php?tname=nutrient&dbid=53
- The World's healthiest foods has a page regarding the benefits of copper and foods it is found in.
- http://www.wilsonsdisease.org/
- Wilson Disease Association has information regarding this disease.
Danks, D.M. 1988. Copper deficiency in humans. Ann. Rev. Nutrition 8: 235-257.
Harris, E.D. 1997. Copper. IN: Handbook of Nutritionally Essential Mineral Elements. (O'Dell, B.L. and R.A. Sunde., eds.), pp. 231-273. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, NY
Johnson, M.A., J.G. Fischer, and S.E. Kays. 1992. Is copper an antioxidant nutrient? Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 32: 1-31.
Kevay, L.M., S.D. inHyg., S.J. Reck, R.A. Jacob, G.M. Logan, J.M> Munoz, and H.H. Sandstead. 1980. The requirement for copper: healthy men fed conventional, American Diets. American Journal Clinical Nutrition 33: 45-50.
Linder, M.C. and M. Hazegh-Azam. 1996. Copper biochemistry and molecular biology. American Journal Clinical Nutrition 63: 797S-811S.
Milne, D.B. and F.H. Nielsen. 1996. Effects of a diet low in copper on copper-status indicators in postmenopausal women. American Journal Clinical Nutrition 63: 358-364.
Olivares, M. and R. Uay. 1996. Copper as an essential nutrient. America Journal Clinical Nutrition 63: 791S- 796S.
Schein berg, I.H. and I. Sternleib. 1996. Wilson disease an idiopathic copper toxicosis. American Journal Clinical Nutrition 63: 842S-845S.
Turnland, J.R., W.R. Keyes, H.L. Anderson, and L.L. Acord. 1989. American Journal Clinical Nutrition 49: 870-878.
Wildman, R.E., D.M. Medeiros, R.L. Hamlin, H. Stills, A. Jones, and J.D. Bonagura. 1996. Aspects of cardiomyopathy in copper deficient pigs. Biol. Trace Elem. Res. 55: 55-70.
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Updated: Friday, July 24, 2009. |
