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Pan, Y.L., Z. Dixon, S. Himburg, F. Huffman. 1999January. Asian students change their eating patterns after living in the United States. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 99(1): 54-57.

Abstract: Objective: To collect information on changes in dietary patterns among Asian students before and after immigration to the United States. Design: A questionnaire designed to collect information about background, changes in food habits, and frequency of food consumption from a 72-item food list was mailed to subjects. Subjects/setting: Potential participants were students of local universities and junior colleges who were born in China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Japan, or Korea and were aged 18 years or older. All subjects were required to have been residing in the United States for at least 3 months before the start of the study. Questionnaires were mailed to 120 potential participants. Statistical analysis: Paired t tests were used to determine differences in eating patterns and frequency of food consumption of subjects before and after immigrating to the United States. Results: Seventy-one questionnaires were returned. Because of missing information on 8 of these questionnaires, only 63 were used in the analysis, which gave a response rate of 53%. The number of students consuming only 2 meals per day increased significantly; 29 (46%) respondents skipped breakfast because of their school schedules. Despite no significant change in the frequency of snack consumption, a majority (n = 46; 73%) of the respondents were consuming more salty and sweet snack items. Subjects were eating out less often, but they were selecting more American-style fast foods when they did eat out. Significant increases were noted in consumption of fats/sweets, dairy products, and fruits, and significant decreases were noted in the consumption of meat/meat alternatives and vegetables after immigration to the United States. Applications/conclusions: Results of this study could be useful to dietetics practitioners as they observe changes in dietary patterns of Asian immigrants. These health professionals can use this information to plan nutrition education programs for Asian groups so that they can make informed decisions in adapting to new eating patterns and make wise food choices in their new environment. It is important to help Asian immigrants retain healthful food habits from their original country and to encourage them to choose eating patterns of the new culture that are nutritionally sound.

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Parrish, J.B. 1971Spring. Implications of changing food habits for nutrition_ educators.__ Journal of nutrition education 2(4): 140-146

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600 ingredients, 400 recipes, 16 asian cuisines.

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Pelican, Suzanne.; Bachman-Carter, Karen. [American Dietetic Association. Diabetes Care and Education Dietetic Practice Group.] 1991. Navajo food practices, customs, and holidays. Ethnic and regional food practices--a series. Chicago, Ill. : American Dietetic Association ; Alexandria, VA : American Diabetes Association, c1991. 26 p. : maps

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Peterson, Martin S. 1975. Food logistics in historical perspective. Food Technology :34.

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Food Habit, Racial Food Habit, Food Habit, Jewish Food Habit, Italian Food Habit, Negro Food Habit, Irish, Food Habit, Russian Pole Food Habit, Scotch Food Habit, German Food Habit

Phipard, Esther F. 1943. Preparations for longer time feeding in liberated countries. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 19(4): 269-270.

Phithakpol, B. (1990). Preface. In C. Jacquat (Ed.), Plants In The Market of Thailand. Bangkok, Thailand: D. K. Bookhouse.

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Pirazzoli-t'Serstevens, Michele. 1991. The art of dining in the Han period: food vessels from Tomb No. 1 at Mawangdui. food and Foodways 4(3+4): 209.

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Pittman, Martha S., Virginia Baxter, Edith Dawley Stokely, Margaret A. Ohlson, Charlotte Herman, Eva Donelson, Doris Grambow, Hughina McKay, Mary Brown Patton, Williamina Armstrong Himwich. 1946. Variations in the basal metabolism of midwestern college women. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 22(4): 307-309.

Pitts, Wilma. 1977Jan/Feb. Teaching nutrition to change food habits.__ Illinois teacher of home economics. 20 (3): 144-146.

Abstract: Abstract: The problems of nutrient deficiency and obesity_ in high school students are examined. Teenage girls,_ especially, appear to make the poorest food choices in_ our society. Calcium, iron, ascorbic acid, and vitamin A_ deficiencies are common. Topics of discussion include:_ food habits of teenagers, importance of quality_ nutrition education, a method for teaching nutrition, assessing daily diet, assessing knowledge of nutrition,_ assessing food likes and dislikes, activities for_ learning, and identifying changes in knowledge and food_ habits.__

Poehler, Hedwig Rebecca. 1949. Current Comment: Dealing in a habit clinic with eating problems of children. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 25(8): 696-702.

Poley, Louise. 1953. Menu standardization. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 29(8): 865.

Pollock, Donald. 1985. Food and sexual identity among the Culina. Food and Foodways 1(1): 25.

Polo, Marco. no date. The Travels of Marco Polo. Orion Press, New York., pp. 356.

Post, John D. 1987. Food shortage, nutrition, and epidemic disease in the subsistence crises of preindustrial Europe. Food and FoodWays 1(4): 389.

Post-Skagegard, M. von, G. Samuelson, B. Karlstrom, R. Mohsen, L. Berglund, L.E. Bratteby. 2002June. Changes in food habits in healthy Swedish adolescents during the transition from adolescence to adulthood. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 56(6): 532-538.

Potgieter, Martha. 1940-. Taro (Colocasia Esculenta) as a food. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 16(6): 536-540..

Potgieter, M., V. Everitt. 1950. A study of children's eating habits. Journal of Home Economics 42: 363.

Potgieter, M., E.H. Morse. 1955. Food habits of children. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 31: 794.

Potter, Jean. 1965. The Flying North. The Mmacmillan Company, New York, pp. 261.

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Powers W; Powers MNM. 1986. Putting on the Dog. Natural History 95:6-16

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Price, Margaret Shatswell. 1943. Current Comment: Hospital food service in Chile. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 19(5): 357-358.

Pringle, Heather. 1997August29. Ice age communities may be earliest known net hunters. Science 277: 1203.

Pringle, Heather. 1997august8. New respect for metal's role in ancient Arctic cultures. Science 277: 766.

Proceedings 3rd International Congress of Dietetics. 1961.

Pukui, Mary Kawena and Caroline Curtis. 1960. Tales of the Menehune. The Kamehameha Schools Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. pp. 136.

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Abstract In northwest Missouri, Lithic stage flake tools struck from prepared cores have been excavated underlying a Paleo-indian fluted point assemblage. These assemblages were in two different loesses of the last glaciation. Thermoluminescent analysis of stone tools dates the paleo-Indian occupations at 8690+-1000 B.C. and 12,855 +-1500 B.C.; the Lithic stage occupations must be older than 13,000 B.C. on the basis of geologic correlation, lithic analysis, and cultural stratigraphy.

Pumpian-Mindlin, E. 1954. The meanings of food. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 30(6): 576-580.

Punnett, P.W. 1930. The coffee problem. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 6(1): 54-58.

Pyke, Magnus. 1971. Food and Society. Murray.

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Updated: Tuesday, October 13, 2009.