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Bacteria	Principal Symptomsa	Potential food contaminationa	No. of illnessesb	No. of deaths.b
Bacillus cereus	Diarrheal-watery diarrhea, abdominal cramps and pain. Emetic-nausea and vomiting	Meats, milk, vegetables, fish Rice products, starchy foods	27,360 N/A	0 N/a
Campylobacter spp.	Watery diarrhea, fever, abdominal pain, nausea, headache, muscle pain	Raw chicken, beef, pork, shellfish, raw milk	1,963,141	99
Clostridium botulinum	Weariness, weakness, vertigo, double vision, difficulty swallowing and speaking.	Improperly canned or fermented goods	58	4
Clostridium perfringens	Intense abdominal cramps, diarrhea7	.Intense abdominal cramps, diarrhea	248,520	7
Enterobacter sakazakii	Meningitis, enteritis	Powdered infant formula	1:100,000 infants	20-50%c
Listria monocytogenes	Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea; influenza-like symptoms, meningitis, encephalitis; septicemia in pregnant women, their fetuses, or newborns; intrauterine or cervical infection that may result in spontaneous abortion or stillbirth.	Raw milk, cheeses (particularly soft ripened varieties), raw vegetables, raw meats, raw and smoked fish, fermented sausages.	2,493	499
Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi	Typhoid-like fever, malaise, headache, abdominal pain, body aches, diarrhea, or constipation.	Raw meats, poultry, eggs, milk and dairy products, fish, shrimp, yeast, coconut, sauces, salad dressings.	659	3
Other Salmonella spp.	Nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, fever, headache; chronic symptoms (e.g. arthritis)	Raw meats, poultry, eggs, milk and dairy products, fish, shrimp, yeast, coconut, sauces, salad dressings.	1,341,873	553
Shigella spp.	Abdominal pain and cramps: diarrhea; fever, vomiting, body, pus, or mucus in stools, tenemus	Salads ( potato, tuna, chicken, macaroni) raw vegetables, bakery products (e.g., cream-filled pastries) sandwich fillings, milk and dairy products, poultry.	89,648	14
Staphylococcus aureus	Nausea, vomiting, retching, abdominal cramps, prostration	Meat and meat products, poultry, egg products, salads (chicken, potato, macaroni), cream-filled bakery products, milk and dairy products.	185,060	2
Vibrio cholera Serogroup 01	Mild watery diarrhea, acute diarrhea, rice-water stools.	Raw or recontaiminated oysters, clams, crabs.	49	0
V. cholera Serogroup non-01	Diarrhea, abdominal cramps, fever, vomiting, nausea; blood or mucus-containing stools.	Raw or recontaminated oysters, clams, crabs.	49	0
Vibrio vulnificus	Fever, chills, nausea, septicemia in individuals with some underlying diseases or taking immunosuppressive drugs or sterioids.	Raw or recontaminated oysters, clams, crabs.	47	18
Other Vibrio spp.	Diarrhea, abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, headache, fever, chills.	Raw, improperly cooked or recontaminated shellfish or fish.	N/a	N/a
Yersinia enterocolitica	Fever, abdominal pain, diarrhea and/or vomiting	Meats, oysters, fish, raw milk	86,731	2

Summary of symptoms, sources of contamination, and disease incidence for foodborne pathogens.
a-Based on FDA/CFSAN (2003)
b. Baked on Mead et al. (1999). N/a indicates that no estimate was provided for this pathogen.
c-From WHO (2004)

Updated: Saturday, December 29, 2007.